Procedure for a Temperature-Traffic Model on Rubberized Asphalt Layers for Roads and Railways

  1. Fernando Martínez Soto 1
  2. Gaetano Di Mino 1
  1. 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Aerospace & Materials (UNIPA), Scuola Politecnica—Università degli Studi di Palermo (UNIPA)
Revista:
Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

ISSN: 2328-2142,  2328-2142

Año de publicación: 2017

Volumen: 5

Número: 4

Páginas: 171-202

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2017.04.001 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

Resumen

The impact of temperature on the mechanical properties and thermal susceptibility of the railway bituminous sub-ballast layer, has served as motivation to develop the advanced measurement of thermal cycles in this layer and, an evaluation of the average seasonal temperatures interpolated by sinusoidal functions, of which characteristic parameters are determined. According to weather situation, Barber’s temperature model was used to prove the effectiveness for the railway superstructure. It is included the assessment of improved modified asphalt mixes performed with coarse rubber from scrap tires, having 1.5 to 3 percent of crumb rubber (particle size 0.2-4 mm) by weight of the total mix, as sub-ballast layer in railway and base layers on roads, recurring to the Superpave mix design compaction enhanced after computer simulations to evaluate real stresses derived from the rail traffic and climatic conditions. This article following the assessment of the average seasonal temperatures, involves the characterization of rubberized materials with attention to crumb rubber properties, designed with dry technology, to enhance the bitumen-rubber and binder-voids ratios. Indirect tensile strength and water sensitivity tests were applied for the evaluation of its mechanical properties including dynamic complex modulus at elevated temperature to measure the amount of bitumen absorbed by the rubber. The rubberized mix-results obtained and the comparison with a conventional HMA (hot mix asphalt) show that these dry rubber bituminous mixtures are particularly effective in damping vibrations. The purpose of using rubber modifiers in hot mix asphalt to obtain a stiffer-elastic sustainable material has been achieved for the assessment of its behavior in sub-ballast/base layers.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Hidalgo-Signes, C., Martínez-Fernández, P., Garzón-Roca, J., and Insa-Franco, R. 2016. “Analysis of the Bearing Capacity of Unbound Granular Mixtures with Rubber Particles from Scrap Tyres When Used as Sub-ballast.” Mater. Construcc. 66 (324): e105.
  • Teixeira, P. F., Ferreira, P. A., López Pita, A., Casas, C., and Bachiller, A. 2009. “The Use of Bituminous Sub-ballast on Future High-Speed Lines in Spain: Structural Design and Economical Impact.” International Journal of Railway 2 (1): 1-7.
  • Rose, J. G., and Bryson, S. 2009. “Hot Mix Asphalt Railway Trackbeds: Trackbed Materials, Performance Evaluations, and Significant Implications.” Presented at International Conference on Perpetual Pavements 2009, Columbus, Ohio.
  • Rose, J. G., Teixeira, P. F., and Veit, P. 2011. International Design Practices, Applications, and Performances of Asphalt/Bituminous Railway Trackbeds.Paris, France: GEORAIL.
  • Fang, M., Rose, J. G., West, R. C., Qiu, Y., Ai, C. 2011. “Comparative Analysis on Dynamic Behavior of Two HMA Railway Substructures.” J Transp. Res Board 19 (1): 26-34.
  • Esveld, C. 2001. Modern Railway Track. Vol. 385. Zaltbommel, the Netherlands: MRT Production.
  • Sánchez-Borràs, M., and López-Pita, A. 2011. “Rail Infrastructure Charging Systems for High-Speed Lines in Europe.” Transport Reviews 31(1): 49-68.
  • Teixeira, P. F. 2009. “State-of-the-Art on the Use of Bituminous Subballast on European High-Speed Rail Lines. Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields.” In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields,Champaign IL, 29 June.
  • Sauvage, R., and Larible, G. 1982. “La Modélisation par ‘Éléments Finis’ des Couches D'assise de la voie Ferrée.” REV GEN CHEM FER 475-84. (in Italian)
  • Ramirez Cardona, D. A., Pouget, S., Di Benedetto, H., and Olard, F. 2015. “Viscoelastic Behaviour Characterization of a Gap-Graded Asphalt Mixture with SBS Polymer Modified Bitumen.” Materials Research 18 (2): 373-81.
  • Teixeira, P., López-Pita, A., Casas, C., Bachiller, A., and Robuste, F. 2006. “Improvements in High-Speed Ballasted Track Design: Benefits of Bituminous Subballast Layers.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1943: 43-9.
  • Barber, E. S. 1957. Calculation of Maximum Pavement Temperatures from Weather Reports. Highway Research Board Bulletin, 168.
  • Straub, A. L., Schenck Jr, H. N., and Przbycien, F. E. 1968. “Bituminous Pavement Temperature Related to Climate.” Highway Research Record 256: 53-77.
  • Williamson, R. H. 1972. “Effects of Environment on Pavement Temperatures.” In International Conference on Structural Design Proceedings, 144-58.
  • Velasquez, R., Marasteanu, M., Clyne, T. R., Engineer, M. F., and Worel, B. 2008. “Improved Model to Predict Flexible Pavement Temperature Profile.” Presented at Third International Conference on Accelerated Pavement Testing, Madrid, Spain.
  • Asphalt Institute. 1982. Research and Development of the Asphalt Institute's Thickness Design Manual (MS-1). Research Report 82-2. 9th ed. Asphalt Institute.
  • Diefenderfer, B., Al-Qadi, I., and Diefenderfer, S. 2006. “Model to Predict Pavement Temperature Profile: Development and Validation.” Journal of Transportation Engineering 132 (2): 162-7.
  • Di Mascio, P., and Moretti, L. 2013. “Model for Estimating Temperatures in Concrete Pavements.” In Proceedings of the first International Journal of Pavements Conference, Brazil, Paper 202-1.
  • Sol-Sánchez, M., Thom, N. H., Moreno-Navarro, F., Rubio-Gámez, M. C., and Airey, G. D. 2015. “A study into the Use of Crumb Rubber in Railway Ballast.” Construction and Building Materials 75: 19-24.
  • Marchionna, M. C., Fornaci, M. G., and Malgarini, M. 1985. Modello di Degradazione Strutturale Delle Pavimentazioni. Autostrade 1/85. (in Italian)
  • Naude, F., Fröhling, R., and Theron, N. 2005. “Development of a Methodology to Calculate Stresses in Track Components.” In Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 219 (4): 213-24.
  • Hermansson, A. 2001. “Mathematical Model for Calculation of Pavement Temperatures: Comparison of Calculated and Measured Temperatures.” Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1764: 180-8.
  • Ferreira, T. M., and Teixeira, P. F. 2012. “Rail Track Performance with Different Subballast Solutions: Traffic and Environmental Effects on Subgrade Service Life.” Journal of Transportation Engineering 138 (12): 1541-50.
  • Di Mascio, P., and D’Andrea, A. 1999. “Metodologia Razionale per il Dimensionamento Delle Pavimentazioni Aeroportuali.” Presented at Pianificazione e Gestione di Infrastrutture Ferroviarie e Aeroportuali Atti del IX Convegno Nazionale SIIV—Cagliari, vol. 28, p. 29.
  • Crispino, M. 2001. “Valutazione Delle Temperature in Esercizio del Subballast Ferroviario.” Ingegneria Ferroviaria (12/2001): 1-2, 30-6. (in Italian)
  • [26] Crispino, M., Festa, B., and Giannattasio, P. 1998. “Valutazione Delle Temperature Della Sovrastruttura Ferroviaria per alta Velocità Attraverso una Sperimentazione di Laboratorio.” Presented at CIFI Congress: La Tecnologia del Trasporto su Ferro e L’Orientamento al Mercato, Napoli. (in Italian)
  • Martinez-Soto, F., Di Mino, G., and Acuto, F. 2017. Effect of Temperature and Traffic on Mix-Design of Bituminous Asphalt for Railway Sub-ballast Layer. BCRRA2017 Conference Proceedings. Athens, Greece: CRC Press—Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Huang, Y. H., Rose, J. G., and Khoury, C. J. 1987. “Thickness Design for Hot-Mix Asphalt Railroad Trackbeds.” Annual Journal AAPT,Miscellaneous 56 (87): 427-53.
  • Yoder, E. J., and Witczak, M. W. 1975. Principles of Pavement Design. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Burmister, D. M. 1943. “Theory of Stresses and Displacements in Layered Systems and Application to the Design of Airport Runways.” In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board, 126-48.
  • Huang, Y. H., Lin, C., and Deng, X. 1984. “Hot Mix Asphalt for Railroad Trackbeds-Structural Analysis and Design.” Asphalt Paving Technology 53: 475.
  • Huang, Y. H., Lin, C., Deng, X., and Rose, J. 1984. Kentrack: A Computer Program for Hot-Mix Asphalt and Conventional Ballast Railway Trackbed. Maryland (USA):Asphalt Institute.
  • Huang, Y. H. 1993. Pavement Analysis and Design. NJ, USA: Englewood Cliffs.
  • Rose, J. G., Liu, S., and Souleyrette, R. R. 2014. “KENTRACK 4.0: A Railway Trackbed Structural Design Program.” Presented at 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
  • Rose, J., Liu, S., and Souleyrette, R. R. 2014. “Kentrack 4.0: A Railway Trackbed Structural Design Program.” In Proceedings of the 2014 Joint Rail Conference JRC 2014,April 2-4, 2014, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA.
  • Rose, J. G., Agarwal, N. K., Brown, J. D., and Ilavala, N. 2010. “KENTRACK, A Performance-Based Layered Elastic Railway Trackbed Structural Design and Analysis Procedure–A Tutorial.” In Proceedings of the 2010 Joint Rail Conference, 73-110.
  • Liu, S. 2013. “KENTRACK 4.0: A Railway Trackbed Structural Design Program.” Thesis, University of Kentucky.
  • McHenry, M. T., and Rose, J. G. 2012. Railroad Subgrade Support and Performance Indicators: A Review of Available Laboratory and In-situ Testing Methods. Research report of University of Kentucky.
  • RFI (Rete Ferroviaria Italiana). 2016. Gruppo Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. Capitolato Costruzioni Opere Civili. Sezione XV Sub-ballast Pavimentazioni Stradali. (in Italian)
  • Di Mascio, P., Loprencipe, G., and Moretti, L. 2014. “Competition in Rail Transport: Methodology to Evaluate Economic Impact of New Trains on Track.” Presented at the 3rd International Conference on Transportation Infrastructure ICTI2014, Pisa, 22-5.
  • Sadeghi, J., and Barati, P. 2010. “Evaluation of Conventional Methods in Analysis and Design of Railway Track System.” International Journal of Civil Engineering 8 (1): 44-55.
  • Rose, J. G., and Konduri, K. C. 2006. “A Railway Trackbed Structural Design Program.” In Proceedings of the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Annual Conference. Louisville, Kentucky. September 2008.
  • Rose, J., Su, B., and Twehues, F. 2004. “Comparisons of Railroad Track and Substructure Computer Model Predictive Stress Values and In-situ Stress Measurements.” Presented at Annual Conf. and Exposition, American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA), Nashville.
  • Andrei, D., Witczak, M. W., and Mirza, M. W. 1999. Development of a Revised Predictive Model for the Dynamic (Complex) Modulus of Asphalt Mixtures. NCHRP 1-37A Interim Team Report, University of Maryland.
  • Cardona, D. R., Di Benedetto, H., Sauzeat, C., Calon, N., and Saussine, G. 2016. “Use of a Bituminous Mixture Layer in High-Speed Line Trackbeds.” Construction and Building Materials 125: 398-407.
  • Bari, J., and Witczak, M. W. 2006. “Development of a New Revised Version of the Witczak E* Predictive Model of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures.” Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologist 75: 381-424.
  • NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Program). 2007. Superpave Mix Design: Verifying Gyration Levels in the Ndesign Table. Report 573.
  • Witczak, M. W., Kaloush, K., Pellinen, T., El-Basyouny, M., and Von Quintus, H. 2002. Simple Performance Test for Superpave Mix Design. NCHRP Report 465, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
  • AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). 2001. Superpave Volumetric Design for Asphalt Mixtures. AASHTO R 35-151, 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C.
  • Hassan, N. A., Airey, G. D., Jaya, R. P., and Aziz, M. A. 2014. “A Review of Crumb Rubber Modification in Dry Mixed Rubberised Asphalt Mixtures.” Jurnal Teknologi70 (4): 127-34.
  • ASTM D2493/D2493M. 2009. Standard Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalts. D04.44, Book of Standards Volume: 04.03, ASTM International, USA.