Eco-Sustainable optimization of the mix-design methodology in modified bituminous mixtures with high percentage of recycled tire rubber

  1. FERNANDO MARTINEZ SOTO 1
  1. 1 University of Palermo (UNIPA)
Revista:
Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management

ISSN: 2349-4506

Año de publicación: 2018

Volumen: 5

Páginas: 37-59

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.1156460 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Global Journal of Engineering Science and Research Management

Resumen

The design of a reference dense-graded bituminous sub-ballast mixture (3% of air voids and a bitumen 4% over the total weight of the mix) and three rubber-aggregate mixtures containing ground rubber-aggregate by a dry process (RUMAC to 1,5 to 3% of rubber by total weight and 5-7% of binder) was evaluated. Using an eco-sustainable original approach based on experimental findings obtained in the laboratory with the Volumetric mix-design by gyratory compaction for a level 3 (high-traffic) design rail lines. This work proves that rubberized blends having ground rubber in bituminous asphalt mixtures behave better than conventional asphalt materials. By using the same method of volumetric compaction, the densification curves resulting from each mixture have been studied with the purpose to obtain a best empirical parameter multiplier of the number of gyrations necessary to reach the same compaction energy as in conventional mixes. It has provided experimental parameters evaluating the results obtained from the gyratory-compaction of bituminous mixtures with an HMA and rubber-aggregate blends as a sub-ballast layer in railway underlayment trackbed. By adopting this increase-parameters of compaction, called " beta " factor, uniform densification and higher workability are found in modified mixtures with rubber considering the usual bearing capacity requirements in rail track.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • 1. AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). (2001). “Superpave Volumetric Design for Asphalt Mixtures.”
  • 2. AASHTO R 35-151, “Standard Practice for Superpave Volumetric Design for Hot-Mix Asphalt,” HMA444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C.
  • 3. NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Program). (2007). “Superpave Mix Design: Verifying Gyration Levels in the Ndesign Table.” Report 573.
  • 4. Epps J.A., (1994). “Uses of recycled rubber tires in highways.” Washington, DC: Synthesis of Highway Practice No.198, TRB National Research Council. NCHRP Report.
  • 5. Heitzman, M. A., “State of the Practice - Design and Construction of Asphalt Paving Materials with Crumb Rubber Modifier,” Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHW A-SA-92-022, May 1992.
  • 6. Emery, J. (1995), “Evaluation of Rubber Modified Asphalt Demonstration Projects,” Transportation Research Record 1515, TRB, Washington, D.C, pp 37-46.
  • 7. Fager, G.A. (2001), “Asphalt Rubber: A Summary of the Use of Crumb Rubber in the Hot Mixes: Kansas Experience 1990-2000”, Kansas Department of Transportation, Kansas.
  • 8. Gowda, G.V., Hall, K.D. and Elliott, R.P. (1996), “Arkansas Experience with Crumb Rubber Modified Mixes Using Marshall and Strategic Highway Research Program Level I Design Methods,” Transportation Research Record 1530, TRB, Washington, D.C., pp. 25-33.
  • 9. Heitzman, M.A. (1992), “State of the Practice for the Design and Construction of Asphalt Paving Materials with Crumb Rubber Additive,” Report No. FHWA-SA-92-022, Office of Engineering, Pavement Division, Federal Highways Administration.
  • 10. F. Martínez-Soto, G. Di Mino, et al. “The resistance to fatigue of dry asphalt rubber concrete for the subballast layer,” 15th International Conference on Railway Engineering. 2015.
  • 11. Rose, J. G., & Konduri, K. C. (2006, June). “KENTRACK—A railway trackbed structural design program.” In AREMA 2006 Annual Conference (pp. 17-20).
  • 12. Rose, J. G., Agarwal, N. K., Brown, J. D., & Ilavala, N. (2010, January). “KENTRACK, A Performance- Based Layered Elastic Railway Trackbed Structural Design and Analysis Procedure–A Tutorial.” In Proceedings of the 2010 Joint Rail Conference (pp. 73-110).
  • 13. RFI (Rete Ferroviaria Italiana, 2016). Gruppo Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane. “Capitolato costruzioni opere civili. sezione XV sub-ballast - pavimentazioni stradali”.
  • 14. EN 933-1 (2012) Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Determination of particle size distribution. Sieving method.
  • 15. EN 933-10 (2009) Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates. Assessment of fines. Grading of filler aggregates.
  • 16. ISO 3310-1 (2000) Test sieves Technical requirements and testing -- Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth.
  • 17. Farouk, Abdulwarith Ibrahim Bibi, et al. "Effects of mixture design variables on rubber–bitumen interaction: properties of dry mixed rubberized asphalt mixture" Materials and Structures 50.1 (2017).
  • 18. Ma, T., Ye, Q., Wu, C., & Huang, X. (2016). “Characterization of stable crumb rubber asphalt and mixture.” In Functional Pavement Design: Proceedings of the 4th Chinese-European Workshop on Functional Pavement Design (4th CEW 2016, Delft, The Netherlands, 29 June-1 July 2016) (p. 277). CRC Press.
  • 19. F. Martínez-Soto, G. Di Mino. "Increased Stability of Rubber-Modified Asphalt Mixtures to Swelling, Expansion and Rebound Effect during Post-Compaction," WASET, International Journal of Transport and Vehicle Engineering Vol: 4, Nº7.
  • 20. Abdul Hassan (2006). “Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Fine Crumb Rubber,” Ph.D. Civil Engineering Malaysia, 2006/2007.
  • 21. Soon-Jae Lee, Chandra K. Akisetty, Serji N. Amirkhanian, “The effect of crumb rubber modifier (CRM) on the performance properties of rubberized binders in HMA pavements,” Construction and Building Materials, Volume 22, Issue 7, 2008, pp 1368-1376, ISSN 0950-0618.
  • 22. Singleton, T. M., Airey, G. D., & Collop, A. C. (2000). “Effect of rubber-bitumen interaction on the mechanical durability of impact absorbing asphalt.” In Proceedings submitted for review at 2nd Eurasphalt and Eurobitume Congress, 2000, Barcelona, Spain.
  • 23. Mashaan, N. S., Ali, A. H., Karim, M. R., & Abdelaziz, M. (2012). “An overview of crumb rubber modified asphalt.” International Journal of Physical Sciences, 7(2), 166-170.
  • 24. Cao, W. (2007). “Study on properties of recycled tire rubber modified asphalt mixtures using dry process.” Construction and Building Materials, 21(5), 1011-1015.
  • 25. Ayad Subhy, Gordon Airey, D. Lo Presti (2007). “An investigation of the mechanical properties of rubber modified asphalt mixtures using a modified dry process.” Conference proceedings BCRRA 2017 Greece.
  • 26. Xie, H., & Watson, D. (2004). “Determining air voids content of compacted stone matrix asphalt mixtures.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (1891), 203- 211.
  • 27. AASHTO, T. (2007) 166-07.“Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt using Saturated Surface-Dry Specimens.” Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, 27th Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC.
  • 28. NCHRP (National Cooperative Highway Research Program). (2007). “Superpave Mix Design: Verifying Gyration Levels in the Ndesign Table.” Report 573.
  • 29. F. Martinez-Soto, G. Di Mino & F. Acuto (2017). “Effect of Temperature and traffic on mix-design of bituminous asphalt for railway sub-ballast layer.” BCRRA2017 Conference Proceedings CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group.
  • 30. F. Martinez-Soto, G. Di Mino (2017). “Procedure for a temperature-traffic model on rubberized asphalt layer for roads and railways,” (JTTE-E 20170721-1) Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 4, ISSN: 2328-2142, DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2017.05.001, David Publishing Company, Valley Cottage, NY, USA.
  • 31. BS EN 13108-1:2016 “Bituminous mixtures. Material specifications. Asphalt Concrete”, doi:10.3403/30278709.
  • 32. BS EN 12591, “Bitumen and bituminous binders - Specifications for paving grade bitumen.”
  • 33. BS EN 12697-35, “Bituminous mixtures — Test methods — Part 35: Laboratory mixing.”
  • 34. Zhang, J.; Apeagyei, A.; Airey, G.D.; Grenfell, J.R.A. (2015). “Influence of aggregate mineralogical composition on the water resistance of aggregate-bitumen adhesion.” International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 62, 45-54.
  • 35. AASHTO, M. 320 (2002) Standard Specification for Performance-graded Asphalt Binder. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
  • 36. Cement, B. A. Comply with AASHTO M-226/ASTM D 3381. AC-20, AR-80, viscosity grade.
  • 37. ASTM D3381 / D3381M-13, Standard Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Cement for Use in Pavement Construction, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2013.
  • 38. Rose, J.G.; Teixeira, P.F. (2010) Ridgway NE. “Utilization of asphalt/bituminous layers and coatings in railway trackbeds – a compendium of international applications.” ASME Conf; 1:239–56.
  • 39. Shuler, T. S., Pavlovich, R. D., Epps, J. A., & Adams, C. K. (1985). “Investigation of materials and structural properties of asphalt-rubber paving mixtures.” Technical Rep. Prepared for Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
  • 40. F. Martinez-Soto, G. Di Mino (2017). “Optimization of the Mix-Design System for the sub-ballast railroad,” (JTTE-E 20170721-1) Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 5 (201) 246-259, DOI: 10.17265/2328-2142/2017.05.002, David Publishing Company, Valley Cottage, NY, USA.